Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR) ·

Article 84C Appropriate safeguards

Art. 84C · in force: yes

Captured statutory text (L5)

Article 84C Appropriate safeguards

(1)This Article makes provision about when the requirement under Article 84B(2) for processing of personal data to be carried out subject to appropriate safeguards is satisfied.

(2)The requirement is not satisfied if the processing is likely to cause substantial damage or substantial distress to a data subject to whom the personal data relates.

(3)The requirement is not satisfied if the processing is carried out for the purposes of measures or decisions with respect to a particular data subject to whom the personal data relates, except where the purposes for which the processing is carried out include the purposes of approved medical research.

(4)The requirement is only satisfied if the safeguards include technical and organisational measures for the purpose of ensuring respect for the principle of data minimisation (see Article 5(1)(c)), such as, for example, pseudonymisation.

(5)In this Article— “approved medical research” means medical research carried out by a person who has approval to carry out that research from— a research ethics committee recognised or established by the Health Research Authority under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of the Care Act 2014, or a body appointed by any of the following for the purpose of assessing the ethics of research involving individuals— the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Ministers or a Northern Ireland department; a relevant NHS body; United Kingdom Research and Innovation or a body that is a Research Council for the purposes of the Science and Technology Act 1965; an institution that is a research institution for the purposes of Chapter 4A of Part 7 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (see section 457 of that Act); “relevant NHS body” means— an NHS trust or NHS foundation trust in England, an NHS trust or Local Health Board in Wales, a Health Board or Special Health Board constituted under section 2 of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978, the Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service, or any of the health and social care bodies in Northern Ireland falling within paragraphs (b) to (e) of section 1(5) of the Health and Social Care (Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) 2009 (c. 1 (N.I.)).

Full captured verbatim text

(1) This Article makes provision about when the requirement under Article 84B(2) for processing of personal data to be carried out subject to appropriate safeguards is satisfied.

(2) The requirement is not satisfied if the processing is likely to cause substantial damage or substantial distress to a data subject to whom the personal data relates.

(3) The requirement is not satisfied if the processing is carried out for the purposes of measures or decisions with respect to a particular data subject to whom the personal data relates, except where the purposes for which the processing is carried out include the purposes of approved medical research.

(4) The requirement is only satisfied if the safeguards include technical and organisational measures for the purpose of ensuring respect for the principle of data minimisation (see Article 5(1)(c)), such as, for example, pseudonymisation.

(5) In this Article—

“approved medical research” means medical research carried out by a person who has approval to carry out that research from—

a research ethics committee recognised or established by the Health Research Authority under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of the Care Act 2014, or

a body appointed by any of the following for the purpose of assessing the ethics of research involving individuals—

the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Ministers or a Northern Ireland department;

a relevant NHS body;

United Kingdom Research and Innovation or a body that is a Research Council for the purposes of the Science and Technology Act 1965;

an institution that is a research institution for the purposes of Chapter 4A of Part 7 of the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (see section 457 of that Act);

“relevant NHS body” means—

an NHS trust or NHS foundation trust in England,

an NHS trust or Local Health Board in Wales,

a Health Board or Special Health Board constituted under section 2 of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978,

the Common Services Agency for the Scottish Health Service, or

any of the health and social care bodies in Northern Ireland falling within paragraphs (b) to (e) of section 1(5) of the Health and Social Care (Reform) Act (Northern Ireland) 2009 (c. 1 (N.I.)).

What this provision means

Model summary, checked against the text on the left.

Relevance to Signicat: 2/3 · detailed summary (L4) Status: not needed for a short provision · Stored artifact; current recipe verification unavailable

Appropriate safeguards for RAS processing require data minimisation measures and prohibit processing causing substantial damage, distress, or specific individual decisions.

Only the one-line summary above is stored for this provision; the text itself is the evidence.

Refers to

cross-reference internal_cite · Art. 5

cross-reference internal_cite · Art. 84B

Referred to by

cross-reference internal_cite · Art. 84D

Part summaries

0 of 0 parts have a verified summary.

L1 unavailable for current verification: the overall summary needs every part verified. Provisions and the verified summaries remain readable.

Verification findings (147)

synthesis coverage: missing/unverified L2 main

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-1

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-2

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-3

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-4

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-4A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-5

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-6

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-7

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-8

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-8ZA

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-8A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-9

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-10

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-11

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-11A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-12

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-12A.

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-13

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-14

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-15

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-16

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-17

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-18

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-19

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-20

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-21

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-22

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-22A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-22B

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-22C

synthesis coverage: missing/unverified L2 main

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-22D

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-23

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-24

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-25

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-26

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-27

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-28

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-29

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-30

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-31

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-32

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-33

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-34

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-35

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-36

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-37

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-38

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-39

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-40

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-41

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-42

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-43

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-44

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-44A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-45

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-45A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-45B

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-45C

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-46

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-47

synthesis coverage: missing/unverified L2 main

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-47A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-48

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-49

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-49A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-50

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-51

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-52

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-53

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-54

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-55

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-56

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-57

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-58

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-59

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-60

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-61

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-62

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-63

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-64

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-65

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-66

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-67

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-68

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-69

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-70

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-71

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-72

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-73

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-74

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-75

synthesis coverage: missing/unverified L2 main

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-76

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-77

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-78

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-79

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-80

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-81

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-82

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-83

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-84

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-84A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-84B

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-84C

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-84D

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-85

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-86

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-86A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-87

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-88

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-89

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-90

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-91

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-91A

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-92

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-93

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-94

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-95

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-96

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-97

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-98

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#article-99

synthesis coverage: missing/unverified L2 annex-1

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-1

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-2

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-3

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-4

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-5

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-6

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-7

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-1-8

synthesis coverage: missing/unverified L2 annex-2

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-1

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-2

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-3

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-4

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-5

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-6

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-7

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-8

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-9

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-10

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-11

synthesis coverage: missing evaluation uk:eur/2016/679#annex-2-12

Instrument tier unavailable

Change history as published

Art. 44 omitted (5.2.2026) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), s. 142(1), Sch. 7 para. 2(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(z9)

Art. 45 omitted (5.2.2026) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), s. 142(1), Sch. 7 para. 3; S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(z9)

Art. 48 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 41 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 53 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 47 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 54 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 48 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 55 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 50 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 56 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 51 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 59 omitted (20.8.2025) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), s. 142(1), Sch. 11 para. 12; S.I. 2025/904, reg. 2(y)

Ch. 7 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 55 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1) · repeated 17×

Art. 77 omitted (19.6.2026) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 103(6), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 3(a) (with reg. 7)

Art. 81 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 60 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 87 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 67 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 88 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 68 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 89 omitted (5.2.2026) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 86(4), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(n)

Art. 90 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 70 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 91 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 71 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Ch. 10 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 72 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1) · repeated 2×

Art. 97 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 76 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 98 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 77 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Art. 99 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 78 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Pending effects amendments not yet applied to this text

Art. 57(3)(4) word substituted by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 Sch. 3 para. 41(3)para. 41(4)(z1)(i) · Effective date unknown · Art. 57

Art. 57(2) word substituted by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 Sch. 3 para. 41(3)para. 41(4)(z1)(ii) · Effective date unknown · Art. 57

Art. 77 heading word substituted by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 Sch. 3 para. 41(3)para. 41(4)(z3)(i) · Effective date unknown · Art. 77

Art. 77(1)(2) word substituted by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 Sch. 3 para. 41(3)para. 41(4)(z3)(ii) · Effective date unknown · Art. 77

Art. 80(2) word substituted by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 Sch. 3 para. 41(3)para. 41(4)(z6) · Effective date unknown · Art. 80

Provenance

Every claim the system makes about this text is traceable to these identifiers.

Instrument: uk:eur/2016/679
Part
Version: b0e58b6afa250bd01c5afd9c…
Content hash: sha256 5cc37c5633ad7c2647c02ca1…
Source: legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679