2 Interpretation

(1) In these Regulations ...—

“commercial communication” means a communication, in any form, designed to promote, directly or indirectly, the goods, services or image of any person pursuing a commercial, industrial or craft activity or exercising a regulated profession, other than a communication—

consisting only of information allowing direct access to the activity of that person including a geographic address, a domain name or an electronic mail address; or

relating to the goods, services or image of that person provided that the communication has been prepared independently of the person making it (and for this purpose, a communication prepared without financial consideration is to be taken to have been prepared independently unless the contrary is shown);

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“consumer” means any natural person who is acting for purposes other than those of his trade, business or profession;

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“the Directive” means Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (Directive on electronic commerce) ;

“EEA Agreement” has the meaning given by Schedule 1 to the Interpretation Act 1978;

“enactment” includes an enactment comprised in Northern Ireland legislation and comprised in, or an instrument made under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament;

“enforcement action” means any form of enforcement action including, in particular—

in relation to any legal requirement imposed by or under any enactment, any action taken with a view to or in connection with imposing any sanction (whether criminal or otherwise) for failure to observe or comply with it; and

in relation to a permission or authorisation, anything done with a view to removing or restricting that permission or authorisation;

“enforcement authority” does not include courts but, subject to that, means any person who is authorised, whether by or under an enactment or otherwise, to take enforcement action;

“established service provider” means a service provider who is—

a national of the United Kingdom or a member State, or

a company or firm as mentioned in Article 54 of the Treaty,

and who effectively pursues an economic activity; by virtue of which he is a service provider using a fixed establishment in the United Kingdom or a member State for an indefinite period, but the presence and use of the technical means and technologies required to provide the information society service do not, in themselves, constitute an establishment of the provider; in cases where it cannot be determined from which of a number of places of establishment a given service is provided, that service is to be regarded as provided from the place of establishment where the provider has the centre of his activities relating to that service; references to a service provider being established or to the establishment of a service provider shall be construed accordingly;

“information society services” (which is summarised in recital 17 of the Directive as covering “any service normally provided for remuneration, at a distance, by means of electronic equipment for the processing (including digital compression) and storage of data, and at the individual request of a recipient of a service”) has the meaning set out in Article 2(a) of the Directive, (which refers to Article 1(2) of Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations , as amended by Directive 98/48/EC of 20 July 1998 );

“member State” includes a State which is a contracting party to the EEA Agreement;

“a national of the United Kingdom” means—

a British citizen;

a person who is a British subject by virtue of Part 4 of the British Nationality Act 1981 and who has a right of abode in the United Kingdom; or

a person who is a British overseas territories citizen by virtue of a connection with Gibraltar;

“recipient of the service” means any person who, for professional ends or otherwise, uses an information society service, in particular for the purposes of seeking information or making it accessible;

“regulated profession” has the meaning given in regulation 8(1) of the European Union (Recognition of Professional Qualifications) Regulations 2015;

“service provider” means any person providing an information society service;

“the Treaty” means the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

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(3) Terms used in the Directive other than those in paragraph (1) above shall have the same meaning as in the Directive.

(4) For the purposes of the definition of “established service provider” in paragraph (1), Article 54 of the Treaty is to be read as if the United Kingdom were a member State.